（六）细胞器-分子与细胞[高中生物必修一]凤凰彩票

(VI) Organelles - Molecules and Cells [Senior High School Biology Compulsory Module 1]

李宏 湖北省十堰市郧阳中学

Li Hong Yunyang High School， Shiyan City， Hubei Province

1.高尔基体膜上分散有相应的酶，可对分泌卵白进行修饰加工。（√）

高尔基体是真核细胞内对卵白质进行加工、分类和包装的“车间”。

Corresponding enzymes are distributed on the membrane of the Golgi apparatus， which can modify and process secretory proteins. (√)

The Golgi apparatus is the "workshop" in eukaryotic cells that processes， sorts and packages proteins.

2.核糖体中有相应的酶，可将氨基酸聚积到特定tRNA的3'端。（×）

将氨基酸活化并贯穿到特定tRNA上的历程，是由氨酰-tRNA合成酶催化的。这种酶存在于细胞质中，而不是在核糖体上。

Corresponding enzymes are present in ribosomes， which can attach amino acids to the 3' end of specific tRNAs. (×)

The process of activating amino acids and linking them to specific tRNAs is catalyzed by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Such enzymes exist in the cytoplasm rather than in ribosomes.

3.溶酶体内含有多种水解酶，仅能消化虚弱、挫伤的细胞组分。（×）

溶酶体主要分散在动物细胞中，是细胞的“消化车间”，里面含有多种水解酶，能解析虚弱、挫伤的细胞器，吞吃并杀死侵入细胞的病毒或细菌。

Lysosomes contain a variety of hydrolases and can only digest aged and damaged cellular components. (×)

Lysosomes are mainly distributed in animal cells and act as the cell's "digestive workshop". They contain a variety of hydrolases inside， which can decompose aged and damaged organelles， and phagocytose and kill viruses or bacteria invading the cell.

4.溶酶体看成“消化车间”可为细胞自噬历程提给水解酶。（√）

As the "digestive workshop"， lysosomes can provide hydrolases for the process of autophagy. (√)

5.线粒体看成“能源车间”为细胞自噬历程提供所需能量。（√）

As the "power workshop"， mitochondria can supply the energy required for the process of autophagy. (√)

6.差速离心不错将不同大小的颗粒分开。（√）

Differential centrifugation can separate particles of different sizes. (√)

差速离心法是把柄不同颗粒的质地、大小等互异，在不同转速下进行离心，从而将不同大小的颗粒分开。

The differential centrifugation method is based on differences in the mass， size and other properties of different particles; centrifugation is performed at different rotational speeds， thus separating particles of different sizes.

7.苹果变甜主如若因为多糖水解为可溶性糖，细胞中可溶性糖储存的主要样式是液泡。（√）

液泡主要存在于植物的细胞中，内有细胞液，含糖类、无机盐、色素和卵白质等。

Apples become sweet mainly because polysaccharides are hydrolyzed into soluble sugars， and the main storage site for soluble sugars in cells is the vacuole. (√)

Vacuoles exist mainly in plant cells and contain cell sap with carbohydrates， inorganic salts， pigments， proteins and other substances inside.

8.在真核细胞的核仁中，凤凰彩票app由核rDNA转录酿成的rRNA于关连卵白拼装成核糖体亚基。原核细胞无核仁，弗成合成rRNA。（×）

原核细胞无核仁，有核糖体，核糖体由rRNA和卵白质构成，因此原核细胞能合成rRNA。

In the nucleolus of eukaryotic cells， rRNA transcribed from nuclear rDNA assembles with related proteins to form ribosomal subunits. Prokaryotic cells have no nucleolus and cannot synthesize rRNA. (×)

Prokaryotic cells have no nucleolus but possess ribosomes， which are composed of rRNA and proteins. Therefore， prokaryotic cells are capable of synthesizing rRNA.

9.真核细胞的核糖体卵白在核糖体上合成。（√）

核糖体是卵白质合成的样式，真核细胞的核糖体卵白在核糖体上合成。

Ribosomal proteins of eukaryotic cells are synthesized on ribosomes. (√)

Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis， and the ribosomal proteins of eukaryotic cells are synthesized on ribosomes.

10.线粒体存在于各地质年代生物细胞中。（×）

真核生物出现前，细胞中不存在线粒体。

Mitochondria exist in the cells of organisms from all geological periods. (×)

Mitochondria were absent from cells before the emergence of eukaryotes.

11.细胞骨架被省略，将影响细胞默契、辩认和分化等人命行径。（√）

细胞骨架与细胞默契、辩认和分化等人命行径密切关连，故细胞骨架省略会影响到这些人命行径的遍及进行。

Destruction of the cytoskeleton will affect vital activities such as cell movement， division and differentiation. (√)

The cytoskeleton is closely related to vital activities including cell movement， division and differentiation， so its destruction will impair the normal progress of these activities.

12.内质网是一种膜性管谈系统，是卵白质的合成、加工样式和运载通谈。（√）

内质网是由膜贯穿而成的网状结构，是一种膜性管谈系统，是卵白质的合成、加工样式和运载通谈。

The endoplasmic reticulum is a membranous tubular system and serves as the site for protein synthesis， processing and a transport channel for proteins. (√)

The endoplasmic reticulum is a membranous network connected by membranes， a membranous tubular system that acts as the site for protein synthesis and processing， as well as a transport channel for proteins.

Explorer of Innovative Thinking

Author: Li Hong

时隔 8 年，乘用车零售销量再次超过 2300 万辆，自主份额也增加至 65%。

上汽集团的进步不只体现在销量，也体现在了清晰的发展思路上。

Yunyang High School， Shiyan City， Hubei Province

February 12凤凰彩票， 2026